Major infectious diseases and how to avoid them

Content:

Infectious diseases are diseases caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa or fungi, which can be present in the body without causing any harm to the body. However, when there is some change in the immune system and another clinical condition, these microorganisms can proliferate, causing disease and facilitating the entry of other microorganisms.

Infectious diseases can be acquired through direct contact with the infectious agent or through exposure of the person to contaminated water or food, as well as through respiratory, sexual or animal injuries. Often infectious diseases can also be transmitted from person to person, being called infectious diseases.

Main infectious diseases

Infectious diseases can be caused by viruses, fungi, bacteria or parasites and, depending on the infectious agent, can cause diseases with specific symptoms. Among the main infectious diseases, the following can be mentioned:

  • Infectious diseases caused by viruses : viruses , Zika, Ebola, mumps,  HPV  and measles;
  • Infectious diseases caused by bacteria : tuberculosis, vaginosis , chlamydia, scarlet fever and leprosy;
  • Infectious diseases caused by fungi : candidiasis and mycoses;
  • Infectious diseases caused by parasites : Chagas disease , leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis.

Depending on the microorganism that causes the disease, there are signs and symptoms characteristic of the disease, the most common being headache, fever, nausea, weakness, feeling of malaise and tiredness, especially in the initial phase of the infectious process. However, depending on the disease, more serious symptoms may arise, such as an enlarged liver, stiff neck, convulsions and coma, for example.

In order for the diagnosis to be made, it is important to pay attention to the signs and symptoms presented by the person and go to the doctor to request laboratory and imaging tests so that the agent responsible for the infection can be identified and, thus, be started the most appropriate treatment.

How to avoid

Microorganisms can be found in many places, especially in times of pandemics, which makes it important and necessary to learn how to protect yourself against diseases, so it is recommended:

  • Wash your hands frequently , especially before and after meals and after using the bathroom;
  • Avoid using the hot air system to dry your hands , as it favors the growth of germs on your hands, prefer paper towels;
  • Possess an up -to -date vaccination record ;
  • Keep food in the refrigerator and keep raw food well separated from cooked food;
  • Keep the kitchen and bathroom clean , as these are the places where microorganisms can be found most often; 
  • Avoid sharing personal items such as toothbrushes or razors.

In addition, it is important to take pets to the vet regularly, as well as keep their vaccines up to date, as pets can be reservoirs of some microorganisms, which can transmit them to their owners.

Watch the following video and learn how to wash your hands correctly: